Influencer marketing in the tourism industry: A systematic review of theories, methods, and findings Open Access

Authors

  • Sadakat Akram 1 Rukhsana Majeed 2
Published online: 12 Apr 2026

Abstract

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to analyse the behavioural results influenced by social media influencers in influencing tourist decision-making, identify dominant theoretical and methodological methods, and extensively investigate how influencer marketing has been utilised within the tourism sector.
Methodology- Using the PRISMA approach, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, screening publications from 2010 to 2025 that were indexed in Web of Science and Scopus. 32 research publications that were closely related to influencer marketing in tourism were chosen for in-depth analysis following the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages.
Findings- The findings show that while influencer marketing has developed into an effective form of communication for a number of organisations, scholarly research on it in the tourism sector is still few and methodologically inconsistent. The results show that the most important factors impacting travel intention, destination loyalty, word-of-mouth, and experience sharing are credibility, authenticity, emotional engagement, parasocial interaction, and influencer–destination fit.  Though there is limited scholarly consistency, emerging themes including virtual influencers, platform-specific content forms, ethical promotion, and green tourism messaging also emerge. The study reaches the conclusion that when influencer marketing is effectively matched with audience demands, destination branding, and emotionally compelling narrative, it greatly influences tourism behaviour. However, contextual differences and theoretical variance point to the necessity for further cross-regional comparative research and integrative frameworks.
Originality/Value- This research enhances tourism understanding by outlining how influencer-based destination promotion has developed over the past decade, emphasising significant gaps that remain in the theoretical and empirical understanding of this area and outlining priorities for future scholarly investigation. Additionally, by offering advice on how to create data-driven influencer collaborations that can improve destination attractiveness, increase audience engagement, and foster more responsible and long-term tourist behaviour, the study provides tourism experts with useful information.

Keywords:
Influencer Marketing Travel Intention Destination Markeyting Source Credibility Social Media Platforms

References

Abate, Y. A., Ukpabi, D. C., & Karjaluoto, H. (2025). Eco-influencers: a cross-generational investigation on the role of social media influencer marketing on green destination image. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-21.

Abidin, C. (2016). “Aren’t these just young, rich women doing vain things online?”: Influencer selfies as subversive frivolity. Social media+ society, 2(2), 2056305116641342.

Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology & health, 26(9), 1113-1127.

Akers, R. L., & Jennings, W. G. (2015). Social learning theory. The handbook of criminological theory, 230-240.

Almakayeel, N. (2023). Relationship modeling of travel website quality toward customer satisfaction influencing purchase intention. Sustainability, 15(10), 8225.

Asyraff, M. A., Hanafiah, M. H., Aminuddin, N., & Mahdzar, M. (2023). Adoption of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model in hospitality and tourism research: systematic literature review and future research directions.

Azoulay, A., & Kapferer, J. N. (2003). Do brand personality scales really measure brand personality?. Journal of brand management, 11, 143-155.

Babu, K. V., & Barik, B. (2024). Revitalizing a Traditional Heritage Hotel for Modern Tourism in Asia Pacific Using Influencer Marketing. In Teaching Case Studies for Tourism and Hospitality in Asia and The Pacific: With Cartoon Illustrations (pp. 129-152). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Banerjee, A., Nag, K., Das, S., & Das, M. (2025). The Impact of Influencer Marketing in India Affecting the Decision-Making Process of Potential Travelers. In Sustainable Business Ecosystems and Social Perspectives (pp. 187-200). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Barbe, D., & Neuburger, L. (2021). Generation Z and digital influencers in the tourism industry. In Generation Z marketing and management in tourism and hospitality: The future of the industry (pp. 167-192). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Bastrygina, T., Lim, W. M., Jopp, R., & Weissmann, M. A. (2024). Unraveling the power of social media influencers: Qualitative insights into the role of Instagram influencers in the hospitality and tourism industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 58, 214-243.

Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Flavián, M., & Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. (2021). Building influencers' credibility on Instagram: Effects on followers’ attitudes and behavioral responses toward the influencer. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 61, 102585.

Bidabadi Amin, M., Islambolchi, A., & Rezaei Rad, M. (2021). The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Travel Decisions: The Role of Trust in the Consumer Decision-Making Journey. Islamic lifestyle with a focus on health, 5(4), 839-849.

Boerman, S. C., Willemsen, L. M., & Van Der Aa, E. P. (2017). "This post is sponsored": Effects of sponsorship disclosure on persuasion knowledge and electronic word of mouth in the context of Facebook. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 38, 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2017.01.003

Borchers, N. S. (2019). Social media influencers in strategic communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 13(4), 255-260.

Breves, P. L., Liebers, N., Abt, M., & Kunze, A. (2019). The Perceived Fit Between Instagram Influencers and the Endorsed Brand: How Influencer-Brand Fit Affects Source Credibility and Persuasive Effectiveness. Journal of Advertising Research, 59(4), 440–454. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-2019-030

Buhalis, D., & Sinarta, Y. (2019). Real-time co-creation and nowness service: lessons from tourism and hospitality. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(5), 563-582.

Campbell, C., & Farrell, J. R. (2020). More than meets the eye: The functional components underlying influencer marketing. Business Horizons, 63(4), 469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.03.003

Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. (2018). Influencers on Instagram: Antecedents and consequences of opinion leadership. Journal of Business Research, 117, 510–519.

Choi, M., & Choi, Y. (2024). Exploration of the diversity of virtual influencers used as tourism ambassadors in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 29(10), 1272-1285.

Choi, M., Choi, Y., & Lee, H. (2024). Gen Z travelers in the Instagram marketplace: Trust, influencer type, post type, and purchase intention. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 48(6), 1020-1034.

Chu, S. C., Yim, M. Y. C., & Mundel, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, social media, online reviews, and influencers: a review of how service businesses use promotional devices and future research directions. International Journal of Advertising, 1-31.

Chyrak, I., Koziuk, V., Siskos, E., & Darvidou, K. (2024). COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING (SMM) STRATEGY FOR EFFECTIVE BUSINESS ACTIVITY. Socio-economic relations in the digital society, 4(54), 39-58.

De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348035

Decrop, A. (1999). Tourists’ decision-making and behavior processes. Consumer behavior in travel and tourism, 103-133.

Ding, A., Legendre, T. S., Lee, H. S., & Min, J. (2024). The transferability of passion: how green influencers inspire tourists’ green initiative support. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-18.

Ding, J., Syed, M. A. M., & Shamshudeen, R. I. (2023). Exploring the status Quo of all-for-one tourism development in Meishan City, China: Insights from local travel influencers. Studies in Media and Communication, 11(7), 166-179.

Djafarova, E., & Rushworth, C. (2017). Exploring the Credibility of Online Celebrities’ Instagram Profiles in Influencing the Purchase Decisions of Young Female Users. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.009

Enke, N., & Borchers, N. S. (2021). Social media influencers in strategic communication: A conceptual framework for strategic social media influencer communication. In Social media influencers in strategic communication (pp. 7-23). Routledge.

Epley, N., & Waytz, A. (2010). Mind perception. Handbook of social psychology, 1(5), 498-541.

Evans, N. J., Phua, J., Lim, J., & Jun, H. (2017). Disclosing Instagram influencer advertising: The effects of disclosure language on advertising recognition, attitudes, and behavioral intent. Journal of interactive advertising, 17(2), 138-149.

Fas, J., & Zumstein, D. (2019). Loyalty programs in tourism-How influencers and communities change word-of-mouth marketing. In 18th International conference on WWW/internet.

Fedeli, G., & Cheng, M. (2023). Influencer marketing and tourism: Another threat to integrity for the industry?. Tourism Analysis, 28(2), 323-328.

Ferchaud, A., Grzeslo, J., Orme, S., & LaGroue, J. (2018). Parasocial attributes and YouTube personalities: Exploring content trends across the most popular YouTube channels. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 88–96.

Filieri, R., & McLeay, F. (2014). E-WOM and accommodation: Influencing booking intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 53(1), 44–57.

Fink, M., Bachmann, P., & Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2020). Customer perceptions of influencer credibility on social media. Journal of Marketing Communications, 26(8), 1–15.

Frank, B., & Mitsumoto, S. (2023). An extended source attractiveness model: the advertising effectiveness of distinct athlete endorser attractiveness types and its contextual variation. European Sport Management Quarterly, 23(4), 1091-1114.

Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public relations review, 37(1), 90-92.

Giles, D. C. (2002). Parasocial Interaction: A Review of the Literature and a Model for Future Research. Media Psychology, 4(3), 279–305.

Glucksman, M. (2017). The rise of social media influencer marketing on lifestyle branding: A case study of Lucie Fink. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 8(2), 77–87.

Gretzel, U. (2017). Influencer marketing in travel and tourism. In Advances in social media for travel, tourism and hospitality (pp. 147-156). Routledge.

Gretzel, U., & Yoo, K. H. (2008). Use and impact of online travel reviews. In P. O’Connor, W. Höpken, & U. Gretzel (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2008 (pp. 35–46). Springer.

Gretzel, U., Fesenmaier, D. R., Formica, S., & O’Leary, J. T. (2006). Searching for the Future: Challenges Faced by Destination Marketing Organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 116–126.

Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: What motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38–52.

Hill, S., Figueroa, C., & Alarcón, A. (2017). Influencer popularity and the spread of information on digital platforms. Social Influence, 12(1), 1–16.

Hogg, M. A. (2016). Social identity theory (pp. 3-17). Springer International Publishing.

Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public opinion quarterly, 15(4), 635-650.

Huang, Y., Shen, C., Williams, D., & Contractor, N. (2009, August). Virtually there: Exploring proximity and homophily in a virtual world. In 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (Vol. 4, pp. 354-359). IEEE.

Hudders, L., De Jans, S., & De Veirman, M. (2021). The commercialization of social media stars: A literature review and conceptual framework on the strategic use of social media influencers. International Journal of Advertising, 40(3), 327–375.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2020.1836925

Hughes, C., Swaminathan, V., & Brooks, G. (2019). Driving brand engagement through online influencers: A framework for engaging customers. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 27(4), 381–398.

Hwang, K., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Influence of parasocial relationship between digital celebrities and their followers on followers’ purchase and electronic word-of-mouth intentions, and persuasion knowledge. Computers in human behavior, 87, 155-173.

Hwang, K., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Influence of parasocial relationship and perceived credibility on purchase intentions: A study of influencer marketing. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 17(1), 92–103.

Iswanto, D., Handriana, T., Rony, A. H. N., & Sangadji, S. S. (2024). Influencers in tourism digital marketing: A comprehensive literature review. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(2), 739-749.

Jauffret, M. N., Hallem, Y., & Aubrun, F. (2025). Biodigital Influencers in Tourism Marketing: A Social media Marketing System Analysis of Industry Practitioner Perspectives. Journal of Macromarketing, 02761467251336762.

Jeng, J., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2002). Conceptualizing the travel decision-making hierarchy: A review of recent developments. Tourism analysis, 7(1), 15-32.

Jiménez-Castillo, D., & Sánchez-Fernández, R. (2019). The role of digital influencers in brand recommendation: Examining their impact on engagement, trust, and purchase intention. Journal of Business Research, 117, 379–386.

Jin, S. V., Muqaddam, A., & Ryu, E. (2019). Instafamous and Social Media Influencer Marketing. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 37(5), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-09-2018-0375.

Kamins, M. A. (1990). An investigation into the “match-up” hypothesis in celebrity advertising: When beauty may be only skin deep. Journal of advertising, 19(1), 4-13.

Kapitan, S., & Silvera, D. H. (2016). From digital media influencers to celebrity endorsers: attributions drive endorser effectiveness. Marketing letters, 27, 553-567.

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68.

Kapoor, K., Kumar, D., & Vashisht, A. (2024). The effect of social media advertisements on the AIDA model for young consumers in India. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 38(2), 188-206.

Kapoor, P. S., Balaji, M. S., Jiang, Y., & Jebarajakirthy, C. (2022). Effectiveness of travel social media influencers: A case of eco-friendly hotels. Journal of travel research, 61(5), 1138-1155.

Keller, K. L., & Richey, K. (2006). The importance of corporate brand personality traits to a successful 21st century business. Journal of Brand management, 14, 74-81.

Khamis, S., Ang, L., & Welling, R. (2017). Self-branding, ‘micro-celebrity’ and the rise of social media influencers. Celebrity Studies, 8(2), 191–208.

Ki, C. W. C., Cuevas, L. M., Chong, S. M., & Lim, H. (2020). Influencer marketing: Social media influencers as human brands attaching to followers and yielding positive marketing results by fulfilling needs. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55, 102133.

Ki, C. W., & Kim, Y. K. (2019). The impact of prestige and credibility of influencers on follower attitudes. Journal of Marketing Communications, 25(6), 1–17.

(Note: Same authors as above, different focus.)

Ki, C. W., & Kim, Y. K. (2019). The mechanism by which social media influencers persuade consumers: The role of source credibility, parasocial relationship, and brand attitude. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(3), 1–14.

Kilipiri, E., Papaioannou, E., & Kotzaivazoglou, I. (2023). Social media and influencer marketing for promoting sustainable tourism destinations: The Instagram case. Sustainability, 15(8), 6374.

Kim, I., Ki, C. W., Lee, H., & Kim, Y. K. (2024). Virtual influencer marketing: Evaluating the influence of virtual influencers’ form realism and behavioral realism on consumer ambivalence and marketing performance. Journal of Business Research, 176, 114611.

Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Koshy, A., & Jha, M. (2021). Marketing Management: A South Asian Perspective (16th ed.). Pearson.

Kumar, S., & Valeri, M. (2022). Understanding the relationship among factors influencing rural tourism: a hierarchical approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 35(2), 385-407.

Kurniawan, S. H., Tseng, M. M., & So, R. H. Y. (2003). Consumer Decision-Making Process in Mass Customization. In MCPC (pp. 51-1).

Ladhari, R., Massa, E., & Skandrani, H. (2020). YouTube vloggers’ popularity and influence: The role of homophily, emotional attachment, and expertise. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54, 102047.

Lee, J. E., & Kim, K. H. (2020). YouTube vs. Instagram: How platform type influences content creation and engagement. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 20(1), 40–54.

Lee, J. E., & Kim, M. (2020). The Effect of Instagram Influencer's Credibility on Consumer Attitude and Behavioral Intention: Focusing on the Moderating Role of Fit. International Journal of Advertising, 39(3), 430–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1678328

Lee, J. E., & Watkins, B. (2016). YouTube vloggers' influence on consumer luxury brand perceptions and intentions. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 5753–5760.

Li, J., Jing, S., Shang, Y., Li, A., & Cheng, M. (2024). Travel influencers and their social identity: a phenomenological approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-16.

Lim, X. J., Radzol, A. M., Cheah, J. H., & Wong, M. W. (2017). The impact of social media influencers on purchase intention and the mediation effect of customer attitude. Asian Journal of Business Research, 7(2), 19–36.

Liu, B. (2004). Credibility theory. In Uncertainty Theory: An Introduction to Its Axiomatic Foundations (pp. 79-135). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Liu, X., Wan, L. C., & Mattila, A. S. (2025). Virtual influencers going head-to-head with human influencers: the impact of influencer type on trust perceptions of endorsement. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.

Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58–73.

Manisha, M. (2024, September). Innovative Frontiers: Exploring Factors Influencing Travel Podcast Consumption in the Web 4.0 Era. In European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (pp. 917-927). Academic Conferences International Limited.

Martensen, A., Brockenhuus-Schack, S., & Zahid, A. L. (2018). How citizen influencers persuade their followers. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 22(3), 335–353.

Marti-Ochoa, J., Martin-Fuentes, E., & Ferrer-Rosell, B. (2025). AI-driven virtual travel influencers and ethical consumerism: analysing engagement with Sena Zaro’s Instagram content. Young Consumers.

Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2011). To see and be seen: Celebrity practice on Twitter. Convergence, 17(2), 139-158.

McGuire, W. J. (1989). Theoretical foundations of campaigns. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public Communication Campaigns (2nd ed., pp. 43–65). Sage.

Meng, L. M., Bie, Y., Yang, M., & Wang, Y. (2025). The effect of human versus virtual influencers: The roles of destination types and self-referencing processes. Tourism Management, 106, 104978.

Migkos, S. P., Giannakopoulos, N. T., & Sakas, D. P. (2025). Impact of Influencer Marketing on Consumer Behavior and Online Shopping Preferences. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 20(2), 111.

Mohanty, R., Samal, A., Mohite, S., & Shukla, S. (2022). Impact of influencer market on consumers of the tourism industry. ECS transactions, 107(1), 12347.

Montag, C., Lachmann, B., & Sariyska, R. (2021). TikTok and the psychology of short-form video consumption. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101294.

Niarawati, E. (2024). The Influence of Social Media Influencers, Brand Image on Customer Buying Decision Through Trustworthiness on Gojek. J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 3(5), 4145-4154.

Niarawati, E. (2024). Tourist engagement and travel content sharing behaviour: The role of emotional value and social identity. Tourism Management Perspectives, 49, 101123.

O’Keefe, D. J. (2013). The elaboration likelihood model. The SAGE handbook of persuasion: Developments in theory and practice, 137-149.

Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191

Okonkwo, I., & Namkoisse, E. (2023). The role of influencer marketing in building authentic brand relationships online. Journal of Digital Marketing and Communication, 3(2), 81-90.

Pencarelli, T. (2020). The digital revolution in the travel and tourism industry. Information technology & tourism, 22(3), 455-476.

Pencarelli, T. (2020). The digital revolution in the travel and tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, 59(2), 244–259.

Pham, M. T. (2007). Emotion and rationality: A critical review and interpretation of empirical evidence. Review of general psychology, 11(2), 155-178.

Rachmad, Y. E. (2025). Social Influence Theory. United Nations Economic and Social Council.

Rafaeli, S. (2019). Interacting with media: Para-social interaction and real interaction. In Mediation, information, and communication (pp. 125-181). Routledge.

Raj, L. (2023). Exploring the Role of Social Media Influencer Marketing in the Tourism Sector. In Handbook of Research on Sustainable Tourism and Hotel Operations in Global Hypercompetition (pp. 100-117). IGI Global.

Rajput, A., & Gandhi, A. (2024, March). Influencer voices: Exploring how recommendations drive tourism intent. In 2024 International conference on automation and computation (AUTOCOM) (pp. 586-592). IEEE.

Reinikainen, H., Munnukka, J., Maity, D., & Luoma‐aho, V. (2020). You really are a great big sister—Parasocial relationships, credibility, and the moderating role of audience comments in influencer marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(3–4), 279–298.

Rhodes, M., & Baron, A. (2019). The development of social categorization. Annual review of developmental psychology, 1(1), 359-386.

Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A. B., Salcedo, A. L. T., & Castro-ricalde, D. (2023). INFLUENCER MARKETING IN TOURISM: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI, 56, 99-124.

Sakib, M. N., Zolfagharian, M., & Yazdanparast, A. (2020). Does personality matter? Consumer personality and the effectiveness of influencer endorsements. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57, 102229.

Schouten, A. P., Janssen, L., & Verspaget, M. (2020). Celebrity vs. micro-influencer credibility and its effect on attitudes and behavioral intentions. Journal of Promotional Communications, 8(2), 210–236.

Seçilmiş, C., Özdemir, C., & Kılıç, İ. (2022). How travel influencers affect visit intention? The roles of cognitive response, trust, COVID-19 fear and confidence in vaccine. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(17), 2789-2804.

Seeler, S., Lück, M., & Schänzel, H. A. (2019). Exploring the drivers behind experience accumulation–The role of secondary experiences consumed through the eyes of social media influencers. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 41, 80-89.

Seyfosadat, S. F., & Ravanmehr, R. (2023). Systematic literature review on identifying influencers in social networks. Artificial Intelligence Review, 56(Suppl 1), 567-660.

Sinclair, M. (2007). A guide to understanding theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Evidence-Based Midwifery, 5(2), 39-40.

Sohaib, M., Safeer, A. A., & Majeed, A. (2022). Role of social media marketing activities in China’s e-commerce industry: A stimulus organism response theory context. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 941058.

Sokolova, K., & Perez, C. (2021). The impact of influencers on consumer decision-making: The moderating role of influencer visibility. Journal of Business Research, 132, 311–320.

Sokolova, K., & Perez, C. (2021). You follow fitness influencers on Instagram, but do you actually exercise? How parasocial relationships, and perceptions of credibility and motivation influence intentions to exercise. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102276.

Sokolova, K., & Perez, C. (2021). You follow fitness influencers on YouTube. But do you actually exercise? How parasocial relationships, and watching fitness influencers.

Son, H., & Park, Y. E. (2024). A deep understanding of influencer marketing in the tourism industry: A structural analysis of unstructured text. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-11.

Stylos, N. (2020). Technological evolution and tourist decision-making: a perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), 273-278.

Szymkowiak, A., Gaczek, P., & Padma, P. (2021). Impulse buying in hospitality: The role of content posted by social media influencers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 27(4), 385-399.

Terryn, E. (2016). 'Consumers, by Definition, Include Us All'... But Not for Every Transaction. Eur. Rev. Private L., 24, 271.

Till, B. D., & Busler, M. (2000). The Match-Up Hypothesis: Physical Attractiveness, Expertise, and the Role of Fit on Brand Attitude, Purchase Intent and Brand Beliefs. Journal of Advertising, 29(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2000.10673613

Torres, P., Augusto, M., & Matos, M. (2019). Influence of celebrity endorsement on Instagram: The role of congruence and authenticity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 28(5), 567–579.

Trivedi, R. H., & Sama, R. (2020). The effect of influencer marketing on consumers’ brand perceptions: Parasocial relationships and persuasion knowledge. Journal of Promotion Management, 26(2), 251–270.

Tsai, C. M., & Hsin, S. P. (2023). The Influence of Influencer Marketing on the Consumers’ Desire to Travel in the Post-Pandemic Era: The Mediation Effect of Influencer Fitness of Destination. Sustainability, 15(20), 14746.

Van Reijmersdal, E. A., Rozendaal, E., & Buijzen, M. (2016). Effects of disclosing sponsored content on children’s advertising recognition and attitude. Communication Research, 43(8), 1216–1236.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650214565919

Vrontis, D., Makrides, A., Christofi, M., & Thrassou, A. (2021). Social media influencer marketing: A systematic review, integrative framework and future research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(4), 617–644.

https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12695

Wacker, J. G. (1998). A definition of theory: research guidelines for different theory-building research methods in operations management. Journal of operations management, 16(4), 361-385.

Wilson, E., Harris, C., & Small, J. (2008). Furthering critical approaches in tourism and hospitality studies: Perspectives from Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 15(1), 15-18.

Yashika, Y., & Prakash, D. (2025). Identity Threat: A Literature Review and Future Research Agenda Using Theories Context Methodology & Antecedents Decisions Outcomes (TCM & ADO) Framework. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 47(2), 57-70.

Yetimoğlu, S., & Uğurlu, K. (2020). Influencer marketing for tourism and hospitality. In The Emerald handbook of ICT in tourism and hospitality (pp. 131-148). Emerald Publishing Limited

Yu, T., Teoh, A. P., Bian, Q., Liao, J., & Wang, C. (2025). Can virtual influencers affect purchase intentions in tourism and hospitality e-commerce live streaming? An empirical study in China. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 37(1), 216-238.

Zhang, K., Sun, X., & Li, G. (2025). Virtual influencer and cultural heritage destination: Endorsement effectiveness of virtual versus human influencers. Annals of Tourism Research, 110, 103873.

Zillmann, D. (2002). Exemplification theory of media influence. In Media effects (pp. 29-52). Routledge.

Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License.

How to Cite

Akram, S. ., & Majeed, R. . (2026). Influencer marketing in the tourism industry: A systematic review of theories, methods, and findings. Journal of Rural Tourism , 3(2), 254-280. https://doi.org/10.70310/jrt.2026.030212111

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Additional Information

  • Sadakat Akram
    Department of Management Studies, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India

    Research Scholar,

    Department of Management Studies

  • Rukhsana Majeed
    Department of Management Studies, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India

    Research Scholar,

    Department of Management Studies